Citation Managers and Styles

Citation Managers

Citation managers (also called reference managers or bibliographic managers) are software designed to help scholars save, organize, and cite references. Citation managers allow you to import references from articles or databases, automatically create bibliographies based on what you have imported, and more. Some of the most popular citation managers are EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks, and Zotero.

	Developer	Cost	Can import Medline?	Can import PubMed?	Can cite AMA and APA styles?
EndNote	Clarivate Analytics	$299 (PNWU discount available)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mendeley	Elsevier	Free, pay extra for additional storage	No	Yes	Yes
RefWorks	ProQuest	$100	Yes	Yes	Yes
Zotero	George Mason University	Free, pay extra for additional storage	Yes	Yes	Yes

Learn more about Zotero

Learn more about Mendeley

 
Citation Styles

AMA Style
Developed by the American Medical Association and editors of JAMA and the Archives Journals, the AMA Manual of Style is used by hundreds of journals, including The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

AMA Manual of Style Committee.  AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors. 11th ed. Oxford University Press, 2020.

A guide to using AMA style (from Washington State University Libraries)

APA Style
The foundations for APA Style were first introduced in a 1929 journal article penned by a group of social scientists and business managers with sponsorship from the National Research Council. Today, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is used predominantly for scholarly publications in the social and behavioral sciences.

VandenBos, Gary R., Anne Woodworth Gasque, Paige Jackson, eds. 6th ed. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, c2010. Call number: WZ 345 P976 2010

A guide to using APA style (from Purdue University Online Writing Lab)
How to cite a website (from APA Style Blog)

 NLM Style
Citing Medicine was developed by the National Library of Medicine and is freely available online. It is used in MEDLINE and PubMed, and is preferred by some publishers. It is recommended by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Patrias, Karen. 2nd ed. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. Edited by DL Wendling. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine (US), 2007–.

Sample references based on NLM style